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Gertrude Barrows Bennett (1883–1948) was the first major female writer of fantasy and science fiction in the United States, publishing her stories under the pseudonym Francis Stevens.〔''Partners in Wonder: Women and the Birth of Science Fiction, 1926-1965'' by Eric Leif Davin, Lexington Books, 2005, pages 409-10.〕 Bennett wrote a number of highly acclaimed fantasies between 1917 and 1923〔.〕 and has been called "the woman who invented dark fantasy".〔"The Woman Who Invented Dark Fantasy" by Gary C. Hoppenstand from ''Nightmare and Other Tales of Dark Fantasy'' by Francis Stevens, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, page x. ISBN 0-8032-9298-8〕 Her most famous books include ''Claimed'' (which Augustus T. Swift, in a letter to ''The Argosy'' called "One of the strangest and most compelling science fantasy novels you will ever read") and the lost world novel ''The Citadel of Fear''. Bennett also wrote an early dystopian novel, ''The Heads of Cerberus'' (1919).〔''The Cambridge Companion to Science Fiction'' by Edward James and Farah Mendlesohn, Cambridge University Press, 2003, page 30.〕 == Life == Gertrude Mabel Barrows was born in Minneapolis in 1883. She completed school through the eighth grade,〔 then attended night school in hopes of becoming an illustrator (a goal she never achieved). Instead, she began working as a stenographer, a job she held on and off for the rest of her life.〔"The Woman Who Invented Dark Fantasy" by Gary C. Hoppenstand from ''Nightmare and Other Tales of Dark Fantasy'' by Francis Stevens, University of Nebraska Press, 2004, page xvi. ISBN 0-8032-9298-8〕 In 1909 Barrows married Stewart Bennett, a British journalist and explorer, and moved to Philadelphia.〔 A year later her husband died while on an expedition. With a new-born daughter to raise, Bennett continued working as a stenographer. When her father died toward the end of World War I, Bennett assumed care for her invalid mother.〔 During this time period Bennett began to write a number of short stories and novels, only stopping when her mother died in 1920.〔 In the mid-1920s, she moved to California. Because Bennett was estranged from her daughter, for a number of years researchers believed Bennett died in 1939 (the date of her final letter to her daughter). However, new research, including her death certificate, shows that she died in 1948.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gertrude Barrows Bennett」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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